Gold extraction equipment refers to various devices used to extract gold from gold ores, and it typically includes the following categories:
Crushing Equipment
Jaw Crusher: It is used to crush hard rocks into smaller sizes, which is crucial for the initial processing stage of mining operations. By applying pressure, it breaks the large - sized gold ores, making it easier for subsequent grinding and gold extraction.
Grinding Equipment
Ball Mill: It grinds the crushed ores into fine powders, helping to separate gold particles from other minerals. The ball mill rotates at a certain speed, and the grinding media (such as steel balls) inside impacts and grinds the ores.
Wet Rod Mill: It is suitable for grinding various ores and can be used in the gold extraction process to further grind the crushed ores into a suitable particle size for subsequent operations.
Sorting Equipment
Jig machine : There are side - driven jigs and diaphragm jigs, etc. The sorting particle size is usually 0.5 - 30mm, and it can recover coarse - grained gold (gold particles > 0.5mm) with a recovery rate of 85% - 92%.
Centrifugal Gold concentrator: Such as the STLB80 type, with a processing capacity of 40 - 45 tons per hour. It uses centrifugal force to strengthen gravity separation, and the centrifugal acceleration can reach 80 - 150G. It is suitable for the sorting of particle sizes of 0.02 - 2mm and has a high recovery rate for flaky gold.
Shaking Table: Types include 6 - S shaking table and Yunxi - type shaking table. The sorting particle size is 0.02 - 2mm, and the bed surface inclination can be adjusted between 2° - 5°. Although its processing capacity is low (0.5 - 2t/h), the concentrate grade can reach 2000g/t.
Flotation Equipment
Flotation machines are the core equipment, and about 80% of gold - dressing plants use the flotation method to process vein gold ores. Flotation machines can separate gold - bearing minerals from other minerals by using the difference in their surface properties. They are usually used in conjunction with equipment such as classifiers.
Leaching Equipment
Leaching Tanks and Towers: In the cyanide leaching process, gold ores are put into leaching tanks or towers, and a cyanide solution is added to make gold react with cyanide to form a soluble gold - cyanide complex, thereby dissolving gold from the ores.
Desorption Column: It is used to desorb gold from gold - loaded carbon. A desorption solution (usually a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium cyanide) is pumped into the desorption column, and gold ions on the gold - loaded carbon are detached and enter the desorption solution under specific temperature and pressure conditions.
Electrowinning Equipment
Electrolytic Tank: It is the core equipment in the gold desorption and electrolysis process. It contains the electrolyte and gold electrodes, providing a stable environment for the electrolytic reaction. The electrolytic tank is usually made of corrosion - resistant materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene (PP).
Purification Equipment
Mercury - Mixing Cylinder: There are internal mercury - mixing cylinders and external mercury - mixing plates. The addition amount of mercury is 1:3 - 1:5 of the mass ratio of gold to mercury, and the recovery rate of free gold can reach 95% - 98%. It adopts a closed - type structure and is equipped with an activated - carbon adsorption device for mercury vapor.
Magnetic Separator: It includes dry magnetic separators and wet high - gradient magnetic separators, with a magnetic field strength of 0.5 - 1.5T, which is used to remove magnetic mineral impurities in gold concentrate.
Smelting Equipment
Electric Furnace: It is used to smelt gold concentrate to obtain high - purity gold products. By heating the gold concentrate to a high temperature, impurities are removed, and gold is melted and aggregated to form high --purity gold ingots.
