Distribution of gold resources and gold ore dressing technology in Mongolia.
Mongolia has rich gold resources, including placer gold deposits and primary deposits. These gold resources have been mined in history and now play an important role in the country's mining activities and economic development. According to geological research reports, Mongolia has identified multiple mineralization belts and gold-bearing belts. Among them, seven mineralization belts are considered to have high gold potential, including North Khentii, Bayanhongor, Hangai, Jid, South Khentii, Ulziti and Urgamal mineralization belts.
Distribution and characteristics of main gold mineralization belts.
Distribution of gold mines in Mongolia (red dots are primary mines, yellow dots are placer gold mines)
The North Kent mineralization belt is located in the north of Mongolia, covering the Tov, Selenge and Bulgan provinces, with a total length of about 400 kilometers and a width of 30-100 kilometers. Geological characteristics: The belt is limited by two deep faults (Bayangol Fault in the north and Yoroo Fault in the south). Main deposits: including large deposits such as Narantolgoi, Sujigtei, Boroo and Bumbat. Mining status: The geological research is relatively sufficient, and most of the gold mining activities are currently concentrated here. The Bayanhongor mineralization belt is located in the central and western part of Mongolia, in the Bayanhongor Province, with a total length of 250 kilometers and a width of 60-90 kilometers. Geological characteristics: Volcanic-sedimentary rocks, sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks are widely distributed. Main deposits: concentrated in the Baidrag River Basin and Jargalant Mountains, mainly placer gold deposits. Mining history: Mining has begun since 1939.
Distribution of mineral resources in Mongolia
Geographical location of the Jide mineralization belt: located in the northernmost part of Mongolia, close to the Russian border. Geological characteristics: composed of volcanic rocks, sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks and intrusive rocks, gold mineralization is associated with silver, copper, tungsten, molybdenum and other mineralization. Mining status: due to inconvenient transportation, geological surveys are less, and the development potential has not been fully explored. Geographical location of the South Kent mineralization belt: located in central Mongolia, with relatively favorable geographical and economic conditions. Geological characteristics: volcanic-sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks are widely distributed, intruded by Paleozoic and Mesozoic granites. Main deposits: including Baligol, Tereli, Modot and Janchivlan mining areas, some placer gold mines have been mined since 1902. Geographical location of the Uleji mineralization belt: located in South Gobi Province and East Gobi Province. Geological characteristics: mainly sedimentary rocks and volcanic-sedimentary rocks, with limited water and fuel resources. Development potential: currently there is less economic development, but it has the potential to discover primary gold mines. Khangai mineralization belt location: located in the Khangai Mountains, covering Arhangai, Ovorhangai and Zavhan provinces. Main deposits: large placer gold deposits have been discovered in the valleys of Khavtsgait, Olt, Zuun Sodot and Baruun Sodot in recent years. Urgamar mineralization belt location: located in western Mongolia. Geological characteristics: mainly volcanic rocks and intrusive rocks, gold mineralization is associated with copper, molybdenum and other mineralization.
Geographical location of the Jide mineralization belt: located in the northernmost part of Mongolia, close to the Russian border. Geological characteristics: composed of volcanic rocks, sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks and intrusive rocks, gold mineralization is associated with silver, copper, tungsten, molybdenum and other mineralization. Mining status: due to inconvenient transportation, geological surveys are less, and the development potential has not been fully explored. Geographical location of the South Kent mineralization belt: located in central Mongolia, with relatively favorable geographical and economic conditions. Geological characteristics: volcanic-sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks are widely distributed, intruded by Paleozoic and Mesozoic granites. Main deposits: including Baligol, Tereli, Modot and Janchivlan mining areas, some placer gold mines have been mined since 1902. Geographical location of the Uleji mineralization belt: located in South Gobi Province and East Gobi Province. Geological characteristics: mainly sedimentary rocks and volcanic-sedimentary rocks, with limited water and fuel resources. Development potential: currently there is less economic development, but it has the potential to discover primary gold mines. Khangai mineralization belt location: located in the Khangai Mountains, covering Arhangai, Ovorhangai and Zavhan provinces. Main deposits: large placer gold deposits have been discovered in the valleys of Khavtsgait, Olt, Zuun Sodot and Baruun Sodot in recent years. Urgamar mineralization belt location: located in western Mongolia. Geological characteristics: mainly volcanic rocks and intrusive rocks, gold mineralization is associated with copper, molybdenum and other mineralization.
Gold deposit types Mongolia's gold deposits are mainly divided into three economic types: Vein deposits: such as Narantolgoi, Bumbat, etc., with high gold grades (5.7-746 g/t). Mineralized belt deposits: such as the Boroo deposit, which is related to the hydrothermal alteration zone, with a gold grade of 0.1-30 g/t. Placer gold deposits: mainly distributed in the North Kent, Bayankhongor and Khangai mineralization belts, such as the Zaamar and Tolgoit placer gold mines. Mining history Mongolia's gold mining history is long and can be divided into four stages: 1901-1921: mainly mined by foreign investors, with a gold output of about 9,346.4 kg. 1939-1954: Government-led mining, concentrated in the Boroo and Bayankhongor areas. 1974-1990: Cooperation with Soviet and Bulgarian joint ventures, gold production reached 9,084.8 kg. 1990-Present: Following market economic reforms, gold mining activity has increased significantly, with approximately 130 companies currently engaged in gold mining.
STLB100 Gold centrifugal concentrator for separation alluvial gold in Russia
Brief introduction to gold ore dressing process The gold ore dressing process mainly depends on the ore type (such as primary ore, oxidized ore or placer) and the occurrence state of gold (such as free gold, encapsulated gold or associated gold). Common gold ore dressing processes include the following: 1. Gravity separator (applicable to placer gold or coarse-grained gold) Principle: Utilize the characteristics that the density of gold (19.3 g/cm³) is much higher than that of gangue minerals, and concentrate gold by gravity separation. Commonly used equipment: chute (such as fixed chute, spiral chute) shaking table (for fine-grained gold recovery) centrifugal concentrator (efficient recovery of fine gold) Applicable conditions: placer gold ore, coarse-grained free gold ore.
Spiral Separator
Shaking Table
Placer gold ore dressing
2. Flotation method (applicable to gold mines containing sulfides) Principle: Utilize the hydrophobicity of gold, and use flotation agents (such as xanthate and niobium) to make gold minerals adhere to bubbles and separate from gangue. Applicable ores: gold-containing pyrite, arsenopyrite and other sulfide ores with fine particles encapsulating gold (need grinding and dissociation) Process: Grinding (to fully dissociate gold minerals) Slurry preparation (adding regulators, collectors, and frothers) Flotation (roughing, concentrating, and scavenging) Dehydration of concentrate (to obtain gold concentrate, which can be subsequently cyanided or smelted).
Flotation Machine
3. Cyanide method (the most commonly used gold extraction process) Principle: Use cyanide (NaCN/KCN) to dissolve gold to form a soluble gold-cyanide complex (Au(CN)₂⁻), and then recover gold through activated carbon adsorption or zinc powder replacement. Main methods: CIP (carbon-in-place leaching): cyanide first and then adsorb gold. CIL (carbon-in-place leaching): cyanide and carbon adsorption are carried out simultaneously, which is more efficient. Heap leaching: Applicable to low-grade oxidized ores (gold grade 0.5-2 g/t). Carbon-in-place leaching (CIP/CIL): Zinc powder replacement method (Merrill-Crowe): Applicable to high-grade gold liquid, using zinc powder to replace gold. Applicable ores: oxidized ores, free gold ores, not suitable for ores with high carbon, copper or arsenic content.
